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Part II.  Reading Comprehension

Directions: There are three passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet.

Passage 1

Questions 1 to 5 are based on the following passage:

The fact that blind people can “see” things using other parts of their bodies apart from their eyes may help us to understand our feelings about color. If they can sense color differences then perhaps we, too, are affected by color unconsciously.

 Manufacturers have discovered by trial and error that sugar sells badly in green wrappings, that blue foods are considered unpleasant, and the cosmetics（化妆品） should never be packaged in brown. These discoveries have grown into a whole discipline of color psychology that now finds application in everything from fashion to interior decoration. Some of our preferences are clearly psychological. Dark blue is the color of the night sky and therefore associated with passivity and calm, while yellow is a day color with associations of energy and incentive. For primitive man, activity during the day meant hunting and attacking, while he soon saw as red, the color of blood and rage and the heat that came with effort. And green is associated with passive defense and self-preservation. Experiments have shown that colors, partly because of their physiological associations, also have a direct psychological effect. People exposed to bright red show an increase in heartbeat, and blood pressure; red is exciting. Similar exposure to pure blue has exactly the opposite effect; it is a calming color. Because of its exciting connotation（涵义）, red was chosen as the signal for danger. But closer analysis shows that a vivid yellow can produce a more basic state of alertness and alarm, so fire engines and ambulances in some advanced communities are now rushing around in bright yellow colors that stop the traffic dead.

1. Manufacturers found out that color affects sales _B_____.

A. by experience over a long period of time

B. by experimenting with different colors

C. by trying out color on blind people

D. by developing the discipline of color psychology

2.      Our preferences for certain colors are ___D____.

A. associated with the time of day         B. dependent on our character

C. linked with our primitive ancestors      D. partly due to psychological factors

3. If people are exposed to bright red, which of the following things does NOT happen?  B

A. They breathe faster.                   B. They feel afraid.

C. Their blood pressure rises.              D. Their hearts beat faster.

4.  Which of the following statements is NOT true according to the passage?

A. Color probably has an effect on us, which we are not conscious of.

B. Yellow fire engines have caused many bad accidents in some advanced

communities.

C. People exposed to pure blue start to breathe more slowly.

D. The psychology of color is of some practical use.

5.      Which of the following could be the most suitable title?

A. The Discipline of Color Psychology        B. Color and Its Connotations

C. The Practical Use of Color                D. Color and Feelings

Passage 2

Questions 6 to 10 are based on the following passage:

Ask three people to look out of the same window at a busy street corner and tell you what they see. Chances are that you will receive three different answers. Each person sees the same scene, but each perceives something different about it.

Perceiving goes on in our minds. Of the three people who look out of the window, one may say that he sees a policeman giving a motorist a ticket. Another may say that he sees a rush-hour traffic jam at the intersection. The third may tell you that he sees a woman trying to cross the street with four children in a tow. For perception is the mind's interpretation of what the senses---- in this case our eyes ---- tell us.

Many psychologists today are working to try to determine just how a person experiences or perceives the world around him. Using a scientific approach, these psychologists set up experiments in which they can control all of the factors. By measuring and charting the results of many experiments, they are trying to find out what makes different people perceive totally different things about the same scene.

6.      Seeing and perceiving are _______.

A. the same action

B. two separate actions

C. two actions carried on entirely by the eyes

D. several actions that take place at different times

7.      Perceiving is an action that takes place _______.

A. in our eyes

B. only when we think very hard about something

C. only under the direction of a psychologist

D. in every person's mind

8.      Perception involves what _______.

A. our senses tell us                   B. our minds interpret

C. we see with our eyes only            D. both A and B

9.      People perceive different things about the same scene because ________.

A. they see different things          B. they cannot agree about things

C. some have better eyesight         D. none of these

10.  Implied but not stated________.

A. Psychologists do not yet know how people see.

B. The best experiments are those in which all factors are controlled.

C. The study of perception is going on now.

D. Perception does not involve psychological factors.

Passage 3

Questions 11 to 15 are based on the following passage:

A summary of the physical and chemical nature of life must begin, not on the earth, but in the sun; in fact, at the sun’s very center. It is here that is to be found the source of the energy that the sun constantly pours out into space as light and heat. This energy is liberated at the center of the sun as billions upon billions of nuclei of hydrogen atoms collide with each other and fuse together to form nuclei of helium, and, in doing so, release some of the energy that is stored in the nuclei of atoms. The output of light and heat of the sun requires that some 600 million tons of hydrogen be converted into helium in the sun every second. This the Sun has been doing for several thousands of millions of years.

The nuclear energy is released at the sun’s center as high-energy gamma radiation, a form of electromagnetic radiation like light and radio waves, only very much shorter wavelength. This gamma radiation is absorbed by atoms inside the sun, to be remitted at slightly longer wavelengths. This radiation, in its turn, is absorbed and remitted. As the energy filters through the layers of the solar interior, it passes through the X-ray part of the spectrum, eventually becoming light. At this stage, it has reached what we can do to the solar surface, and can escape into space, without being absorbed further by solar atoms. A very small fraction of the sun’s light and heat is emitted in such directions that, after passing unhindered through interplanetary space, it hits the Earth.

11.    What does the passage mainly discuss?

A. The production of solar light and heat.

B. The physical and chemical nature of life.

C. The conversion of hydrogen to helium.

D. Radiation in the X-ray part of the spectrum.

12.    According to the passage, energy is released in the Sun when_____.

A. helium atoms bind with each other.

B. gamma radiation escapes from the spectrum.

C. radiation is absorbed by helium.

D. nuclei of hydrogen atoms collide.

13.    The passage indicates that, in comparison to radio waves, gamma wave_____.

A. are not as long.                     B. produce louder sound.

C. are less magnetic.                D. do not form in the Sun’s centre.

14.    According to the passage, through which of the following is the energy released in the Sun pass before it becomes light?

A. Electromagnetic space.                     B. The solar surface.

C. The X-ray part of the spectrum.         D. Interplanetary space.

15.    It can be inferred from the passage that the Sun’s light travels _____.

A. through solid objects in space.

B. in many different directions.

C. more slowly than scientists previously believed.

D .further in summer than in winter.

Passage 4

Questions 16 to 20 are based on the following passage:

In the second half of each year, many powerful storms are born in the tropical Atlantic and Caribbean seas. Of these, only about half a dozen generates the strong, circling winds of 75 miles per hour or more that give them hurricane status, and several usually make their way to the coast. There they cause millions of dollars of damage, and bring death to large numbers of people.

   The great storms that hit the coast start as innocent circling disturbances hundreds even thousands of miles out to sea. As they travel aimlessly over water warmed by the summer sun, they are carried westward by the trade winds. When conditions are just right, warm, moist air flows in at the bottom of such a disturbance, moves upward through it and comes out at the top.

    In the process, the moisture in this warm air produces rain, and with it the heat that is concerted to energy goes in the form of strong winds. As the heat increases, the young hurricane begins to swirl in a counter-clockwise motion.

    The average life of a hurricane is only about nine days, but it contains almost more power than we can imagine. The energy in the heat released by a hurricane’s rainfall in a single day would satisfy the entire electrical needs of the United States for more than six months. Water, not wind, is the main source of death and destruction in a hurricane. A typical hurricane brings 6 to 12 inch downpours resulting in sudden floods. Worst of all is the powerful movement of the sea, the mountains of water moving toward the low-pressure hurricane center. The water level rises as much as 15 feet above normal as it moves toward shore.

16.    When is an ordinary tropical storm called a hurricane?

A. When it begins in the Atlantic and Caribbean seas.            

B. When it hits the coastline.

C. When it is more than 75 miles wide.        

D. When its winds reach 75 miles per hour.

17.    What is the worst thing about hurricane?

A. The destructive effects of water.                           

B. The heat they release.

C. The heat they release that they last about nine days on the average.      

D. The strong winds.

18.    The counter-clockwise swirling of the hurricane is brought about by ___.

A. the low-pressure area in the center of the storm B. the force of waves of water

C. the trade winds                           D. the increasing heat

19.    Apparently the word “downpour” means___.

A. heavy rainfall                                                          B. dangerous waves

C. the progress of water to the hurricane center         D. the increasing heat

20.    Which statement about a hurricane is wrong?

A. It travels more than 75 miles per hour.                

B. It usually exists about 9 days.

C. It usually result in 6-12 inch downpours.

D. It sometimes brings the sea water level to the height of 15 feet.

Passage 5

Questions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage:

 “I ask you to drink to his health as a young man full of the spirit of adventure who has lit up the world with a flash of courage.” With these words the British Minister of Air turned and raised his glass to the young man who sat beside him — a young man who, only a month before, was completely unknown. Yet on that summer day in 1927 his name was on the world’s lips — Charles Lindbergh, the first man to fly the Atlantic alone.

He had been an air mail pilot, flying back and forth between Chicago and the city of St. Louis. Determined to win the $25,000 prize offered by a fellow-American for the first flight from New York to Paris, Lindbergh had persuaded a group of St. Louis businessmen to finance the building of a special plane for him.

The news that Lindbergh intended to fly the Atlantic alone was received with disbelief. “The plane would never fly,” people said. It would run out of fuel. It had only a single engine. Lloyd’s of London refused to insure the flight. Men called Lindbergh the “flying fool”.

But on May 20th, 1927, just after ten to eight in the morning, Lindbergh’s “Spirit of St. Louis”, heavily laden with fuel, struggled into the air from a New York airfield. For several hours the weight to the petrol prevented the young pilot from flying more than a few feet above the wave-tops. Night came, and thick fog covered up the stars. Lindbergh flew steadily on, hoping that his course was the right one. He struggled to keep a wake, checking the fuel all the time to keep his mind active. Throughout the next day the “Spirit of St. Louis” flew on over the seemingly limitless sea. Then a fishing boat appeared, and an hour later, land. It was Ireland. Lindbergh set a compass course for Paris.

By ten o’clock the lights of France’s capital were shining beneath him. Tired, unshaven, suddenly hungry, the “flying fool” came own to Le Bourget Airport, and landed in front of a huge crowd of wildly cheering people. After 34 hours of continuous piloting, the flight of 3,600 miles was over.

21. The British Minister of Air ________.

A. praised Lindbergh for his intelligence B. encouraged Lindbergh to be adventurous

C. congratulated Lindbergh for his bravery   D. warned Lindbergh to be sensible

22. “His name was on the world’s lips” means _________.

A. everybody was drinking his health

B. everybody was jumping about because of him

C. he became suddenly unpopular     

D. everybody was talking about him

23. A group of St. Louis businessmen ha been persuaded to _________ the building of a special plane.

A. arrange for   B. organize with   C. stop to   D. pay for

24. Which of the following statements is true?

A. Nobody heard the news that Lindbergh was going to fly the Atlantic.

B. Everybody believed that it was foolish for anybody to try to fly the Atlantic at all.

C. Everybody knew that Lindbergh was very brave an adventurous.

D. People didn’t believe that Lindbergh really meant to fly the Atlantic alone.

25. The “Spirit of St. Louis” here refers to __________.

A. the plane Lindbergh flew in   B. the “flying fool”  

C. the British Minister of Air    D. the city of St. Louis

Passage 6

Questions 26 to 30 are based on the following passage:

When I was about six years old, my mother came home one day and found that I had collected half a dozen babies of the neighborhood --- all of them too young to walk --- and had them sitting before me on the floor while I was teaching them to wave their arms. When she asked the explanation of this, I informed her that it was my school of dance. She was amused, and placing herself at the piano, she began to play for me. This school continued and became very popular. Later on, little girls of the neighborhood came and their parents paid me a small sum to teach them. This was the beginning of what afterwards proved a very lucrative occupation.

My mother took me to a famous ballet teacher, but his lesson did not please me. When the teacher told me to stand on my toes, I asked him why, and when he replied "Because it is beautiful," I said that it was ugly and against nature and after the third lesson I left his class, never to return. This stiff and commonplace gymnastics which he called dancing only disturbed my dream. I dreamed of a different dance. I did not know just what it would be, but I was feeling out towards an invisible world into which I guessed I might enter if I found the key.

My art was already in me when I was a little girl, and it was owing to the heroic and adventurous spirit of my mother that it was not stifled. I believed that whatever the child is going to do in life should be begun when it is very young. I wonder how many parents realize that by the so-called education they are giving their children, they are only driving them into the commonplace, and depriving them of any chance of doing anything beautiful or original.

26.  When her mother came home one day, the narrator of the story ___________.

A. was teaching half a dozen babies to dance

B. was teaching half a dozen babies to walk

C. was collecting babies of the neighborhood

D. was making babies of the neighborhood sit before her on the floor

27.  The attitude of the narrator's mother toward her school of dance was ______.

A. despise         B. contempt          C. support      D. indifference

28.  The narrator thought that ballet was __________.

A. the most graceful dance                        

B. stiff, ugly and unnatural

C. a dance that she had dreamed of             

D. an invisible world into which she guessed she might enter

29.  According to the narrator, she owed her success in art to ___________.

A. the good education her parents gave her

B. the support of her understanding and adventurous mother

C. her inborn talent

D. her ballet teacher

30.  The central idea of the passage is that _______.

A. parents should try to discover the natural gift in their children and help to develop it while they are young

B. the so-called good education parents give their children only drives them into the commonplace and deprives them of any chance of doing anything original

C. mothers should be heroic and adventurous

D. ballet is no good as a form of dance

Passage 7

Questions 31 to 35 are based on the following passage:

If you are like most people, your intelligence varies from season to season. You are probably a lot sharper in the spring than you are at any other time of year. A noted scientist, Ellsworth Huntington, concluded from other men's work and his own among peoples in different climates that climate and temperature have a definite effect on our mental abilities.

He found that cool weather is much more favorable for creative thinking than is summer heat. This does not mean that all people are less intelligent in summer than they are during the rest of the year. It does mean, however, that the mental abilities of large numbers of people tend to be lowest in summer.

Spring appears to be the best period of the year for thinking. One reason may be that in the spring man's mental abilities are affected by the same factors that bring about great changes in all nature.

Fall is the next-best season, then winter. As for summer, it seems to be a good time to take a long vacation from thinking.

31.    According to the passage, man's intelligence ___________.

A. stays the same through the year         B. varies from day to day

C. changes with the seasons              D. changes from year to year

32.    Ellsworth Huntington decided that climate and temperature have __________.

A. a great effect on everyone's intelligence

B. some effect on most people's intelligence

C. some effect on a few people's intelligence

D. no effect on most people's intelligence

33.    Ellsworth Huntington's conclusion was based on ___________.

A. variations of his own mental abilities from season to season

B. the results of research done by himself and other scientists among peoples in different climates

C. detailed records of temperature changes in different places

D. detailed records of different ways of thinking among peoples in different climates

34.    Why does the author say summer is a good time to take a long vacation from thinking?

A. Because a long vacation in summer helps to improve people's mental power.

B. Because people tend to be less creative during summer.

C. Because summer is a good time for outdoor activities.

D. Because mental exertion in the summer heat taxes too much of people's energy.

35.    The central idea of this passage is ___________.

A. man's mental abilities change from season to season

B. man's intelligence varies from place to place

C. man should take a long vacation in summer

D. if you want to do creative thinking, go to a cool place

Passage 8 

Questions 36 to 40 are based on the following passage:

Cash has been the root of much social and economic evil. Some have advocated simply abolishing it, thus leaving the public to use other existing non-cash payment media. The emergence of electronic funds transfer technology, however, makes it possible to change the nature of money and to divorce it from evil. Operations like Visa and Master Card demonstrate that tens of billions of payment transactions (交易) a year can be handled efficiently and securely. Eighty percent of Americans regularly use credit cards. The development of a federal system to handle the country’s 300 billion annual cash transactions in the United States electronically is within reach.

Questioning the safety of electronic money is like a Las Vegas gambling patron questioning the security of treasury bonds. The new system will replace cash---the stuff in your wallet or purse that robbers and muggers will kill for, the stuff for which convenience shop clerks, taxi drivers, and shop owners are shot everyday in the United States. Any form of money is safer than cash!

Yet, concern about electronic security is understandable. Credit-card companies mail out advisories to destroy old cards, and patrons observe sales clerks scanning Hot Card list. There are new accounts of bank-card cheating, electronic thefts, and computer-security breaches(违规行为).

     Credit-card losses due to fraud（欺骗）are not as bad as the public might believe. In 1990 in the United States, they amounted to only $300 million, or 0.12% of Visa’s and Master Card’s combined gross volume. More than twice that amount of currency is reported stolen every year---and who knows how much more goes unreported.

But the proposed electronic-money system is debit（记入借方）system. If a crook takes your credit card, he’s free to spend as much as he likes---at least until you report the card missing or stolen. But with a debit system, even if a crook were able to access to your account, the most you could lose is the balance in your account. While that is unpleasant though, it does not approach the big numbers mentioned in credit card of company fraud.

36.    What is the author’s attitude towards cash?

A. Cash must be got rid of.                     B. The nature of cash must be change.

C. Cash is a convenient way of payment.     D. Cash has brought about a lot of trouble.

37.    What is true about electronic money?

A. It can in no way replace cash, however powerful it is.

B. It can be used in eighty percent of the payment transactions.

C. It is a form of money controlled by the federal government.

D. It can make payment transactions efficiency and secure.

38.    The phrase “Hot card” in Paragraph 3 probably means_______.

A. a card that is missing or stolen    B. a card that has been out of date

C. a card that is much used         D. a card that has a lot of money in it.

39.    In Paragraph 4 the author makes a comparison to show that _______.

A. credit card losses due to fraud are greater than cash losses

B. cash losses are much greater than credit card losses due to fraud

C. the gross volume of Visa’s and MasterCard’s is great

D. case losses every year are much greater than report.

40.    The debit system is proposed because_______.

A. a crook will have no access to any card-holder’s account

B. a crook can spend as much money as he likes if he has got the debit card

C. the maximum that a card-holder will lose is the money left in his account

D. the losses of a card-holder will be reduced to zero if he loses his card.

Passage 9

Questions 41 to 45 are based on the following passage:

Water problems in the future will become more intense and more complex. Our increasing population will tremendously increase urban wastes, primarily sewage. On the other hand, increasing demands for water will decrease substantially the amount of water available for diluting wastes. Rapidly expanding industries which involve more and more complex chemical processes will produce larger volumes of liquid wastes, and many of these will contain chemicals which are noxious. To feed our rapidly expanding population, agriculture will have to be intensified. This will involve ever-increasing quantities of agricultural chemicals. From this, it is apparent that drastic steps must be taken immediately to develop corrective measures for the pollution problem.

There are two ways by which this pollution problem can be dwindled. The first relates to the treatment of wastes to decrease their pollution hazard. This involves the processing of solid wastes “prior to” disposal and the treatment of liquid wastes, or effluents, to permit the reuse of the water or minimize pollution upon final disposal.

The second approach is to develop an economic use for all or a part of the wastes. Farm manure is spread in fields as a nutrient or organic supplement. Effluents from sewage disposal plants are used in some areas both for irrigation and for the nutrients contained. Effluents from other processing plants may also be used as a supplemental source of water. Many industries, such as meat and poultry processing plants, are currently converting former waste products into marketable byproducts. Other industries are exploring potential economic uses for their waste products.

41.    The purpose of this passage is _____.

A. to make the reader acquainted with water pollution problems.

B. to alert the reader to the dwindling water supply.

C. to explain industrial uses of water.

D. to demonstrate various measures to solve the pollution problem.

42.    Which of the following points is NOT included in the passage?

A. diluting wastes needs a certain amount of water.

B. demands for water will go up along with the expanding population.

C. intensive cultivation of land requires more and more chemicals.

D. industrial development includes the simplification of complex chemical processes.

43.    The reader can conclude that_____.

A. countries of the world will work together on pollution problems.

B. some industries are now making economic use of liquid wastes.

C. byproducts from wastes lead to a more prosperous marketplace.

D. science is making great progress in increasing water supplies.

44.    What techniques has the author used in writing the passage?

A. Conducting interviews with authorities in the field of water controls.

B. Providing definitions which clarify important terms.

C. Offering opinions and personal observations.

D. Making strong arguments and persuasions.

45.    The words “prior to” (in Paragraph 2) probably mean_____.

A. during.               B. before.                C. after.               D. beyond.

Passage 10

Questions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage:

In order to learn a foreign language well, it is necessary to overcome the fear of making mistakes. If the primary goal of language use is to communicate, then mistakes are secondary considerations that may be dealt with gradually as awareness of those mistakes increases. On the other hand, students should not ignore their mistakes. The language learner may observe how native speakers express themselves, and how native expressions differ from the way the learner might say them. For example, a Spanish speaker who has been saying “I do it” to express willingness to do something in the immediate future, could by interacting with native speakers of English, observe that native speaker actually say “I’ll do it”. The resulting discrepancy can serve as a basis for the student to modify his way of using the present tense in English. But a student who is unwilling to interact in the first place would lose this opportunity to learn by trial and error.

46.    According to the passage, the present tense in English is _______.

A. not used to express a desire to do something in the immediate future

B. used with some verbs but not with others to express future intention

C. basically the same in English as it is in Spanish

D. not the most difficult problem for foreign students

47.    According to the passage, language learners can reduce the number of their mistakes by _______.

A. asking native speakers for explanations

B. reading good books in the foreign language

C. comparing their speech with that of native speakers

C. speaking without regard to native speakers

48.    In the passage, foreign language students who do not interact with native speakers will NOT _______.

A. learn very much about the foreign culture

B. learn about the history of the foreign language

C. have to worry about making mistakes

D. take advantage of available language models

49.    Foreign language students should not worry too much about making mistakes because ______.

A. native speakers like foreign students who try to learn their language     

B. communication is the primary consideration of language learning     

C. native speakers will ignore their mistakes

D. everyone makes mistakes when trying to communicate in a strange language

50.    The author’s major conclusion about the function of mistakes in foreign language learning is that ________.

A. mistakes are not important in the process of learning a language

B. learners are often very afraid of making mistakes

C. making mistakes can help the learner discover the rules of the language

D. native speakers often do not tell foreign language learners about their mistakes

Passage 11

Questions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage:

Psychology is the study of the mind and mental activities. For example, psychologists are interested in why some things make you sad, but others make you happy. They want to know why some people are shy, but others are quite talkative. They also want to know why people do the things that they do. They test intelligence.

Psychologists deal with the minds and behavior of people. Your mind consists of all your feelings, thoughts, and ideas. It is the result of one part of the brain called the cerebrum. Your behavior is the way you act or conduct yourself. Examples of behavior include shouting, crying, laughing, and sleeping.

Several people have been instrumental in the field of psychology. Wilhelm Wudt set up the first psychological laboratory in Germany, in 1879. Ivan Pavlov, a Russian, is noted for his experiments with dogs in which he studies their reflexes and reactions. Around 1900, Sigmund Freud stated his theory that people try to repress any memories or thoughts that they believed were not good. Psychologists should not be confused with psychiatrists, Psychiatrists deal only with mental illness. They are medical doctors who treat people.

51.    A good title for this selection is ______.

A. Studying the Mind             B. Feelings and Behavior of Human Beings

C. Psychology and Psychiatry       D. Famous Psychologists

52.    “Some people are shy.” That means ______.

A. they are modest                  B. they are quiet

C. they never say a word             D. they are ashamed

53.    We may conclude that psychologists ______.

A. study physical diseases as well

B. deal with animals more often than with people

C. are not medical doctors

D. are interested in things that make you sad

54.    Pavlov worked with ______.

A. people       B. dogs       C. mental illness       D. abnormal behavior

55.    The cerebrum controls ______.

A. the mind    B. the body    C. the whole brain    D. the field of psychology

Passage 12

Questions 56 to 60 are based on the following passage:

Today’s trumpet is one of the world’s oldest instruments. It is really the result of many centuries of development. Although it looks nothing like its ancestors, there are many similarities. All trumpets are hollow tubes. They are blown. And they all use the player’s lips to produce the basic sound.

The trumpet developed as players and makers worked to improve its design, size, shape, material and method of construction. They wanted to create an instrument that would produce a beautiful and attractive tone, enable the performer to play all the notes of scale, extend the range higher and lower, make it possible to play more beautiful music, and, in general, be easier to play well. The remarkable way in which the modern trumpet achieves these goals is a measure of the success of all those who struggled to perfect this glorious instrument.

The trumpet is actually the leading member of an entire family of related instruments. There are trumpets of seven different sizes and in several different keys. There are cornet, bugles, flugelhorns and a number of others that are all similar to the trumpet in the way they are made and played.

The trumpet family is much more than a group of related instruments that can stir one with their sound, or narrow tubes of metal capable of producing a variety of musical sounds. It is a link to many different periods of history and to people of many cultures. From the use of trumpets in ancient religious ceremonies to the part they play in modern rock bands, the trumpet family of instruments has much to tell about civilization and its development.

56.    What is the best title of the passage?

A. Science and the trumpet          B. The trumpet and its ancestry

C. Recordings of the trumpet        D. How the trumpet is made

57.    It can be inferred from the passage that ________ is needed to make the trumpet work.

A. long finger   B. air pressure    C. keen eyesight     D. daily cleaning

58.    Which of the following can be inferred about the first trumpet players?

A. They were not able to pick up the trumpet.

B. They could not play simple tune.

C. They had difficulty improving upon the trumpet.

D. They could not play all the notes of the scale.

59.    The word “one” in the first sentence of paragraph 4 could be best replaced by ____.

A. the composer    B. the listener     C. a family       D. an instrument

60.    The author believes that the trumpet is particularly important because it ______.

A. can be used in rock bands           B. is a religious instrument

C. has historical significance           D. has a narrow range

Passage13

Questions 61 to 65 are based on the following passage:

We were late as usual. My husband had insisted on watering the flowers in the garden by himself, and when he discovered that he couldn’t manage he had asked me for help at the last moment. So now we had an hour to get to the airport. Luckily, there were not many cars or buses on the road and we were able to get there just in time. We checked in and went straight to a big hall to wait for our flight to be called. We waited and waited but no announcement was made. We asked for information and the girl there told us that the plane hadn’t even arrived yet. In the end there was another announcement telling us that passengers waiting for Flight LJ108 could get a free meal voucher (凭单) and that the plane hadn’t left Spain for technical problems. We thought that meant that it wasn’t safe for the plane to fly. We waited again for a long time until late evening when we were asked to report again. This time we were given free vouchers to spend the night in a nearby hotel.

The next morning after a bad night because of all the planes taking off and landing, we reported back to the airport. Guess what had happened while we were asleep! Our plane had arrived and taken off again. All the other passengers had been woken up in the night to catch the plane, but for some reason or other we had been forgotten. You can imagine how we felt!

61. The plane the writer and her husband would take _____.

 A. came from Spain                   B. passed by Spain

C. was not to leave till the next morning    D. was waiting for the passengers

62. The plane was delayed _____.

A. by the bad weather  

 B. by the passengers

C. because of many cars on the road

D. because something was wrong with the machine

63. The passengers were given a free meal because _____.

A. they arrived at the airport early   B. they hadn’t had a meal yet

C. they had no money with them    D. the plane was delayed

64. They were in a big hall, waiting for _____.

A. the girl to give them information   B. their flight to be announced

 C. the free meal voucher            D. other passengers to arrive

65. The plane took off again _____.

A. as soon as it had arrived             B. after all the passengers were woken up

C. while the couple were asleep      D. early the next morning

Passage 14

Questions 66 to70 are based on the following passage:

I don’t often lose things and I’m especially careful with money, so I was quite surprised when I reached for my wallet and it wasn’t there. At first, I thought it was possible that I could have left it at home. Then I remembered taking it out to pay for the taxi, so I knew I had it with me just before I walked into the restaurant. I wondered if it was possible that it could have slipped out of my pocket while I was eating dinner. Thinking about that possibility, I turned and walked back to the table where I had been sitting. Unfortunately, there were several people sitting at the table at the time, so I called a waiter and explained to him that my wallet had fallen out of my pocket while I was sitting at the table a few minutes earlier. I had the waiter go over to the table to see if my wallet was on the floor. While the waiter was looking for it, the manager of the restaurant came up to me and asked me if anything was wrong. I didn’t want to get a lot of people involved in the problem, but I knew I had to get the wallet back. I told the manager what had happened. He had me describe the wallet to him, and then he insisted that I report the missing wallet to the police. I told him that I didn’t particularly want to get the police involved in it; besides, I was in a hurry because I had an appointment with my doctor in just a few minutes. I explained to him that my biggest worry at the moment was how I was going to pay the check. He told me not to worry about that. He had me write down my name and address, and he said he would send me a bill.

66. Why was the writer so sure he had brought his wallet with him? _____.

A. He remembered that he didn’t leave it at home.

B. He always felt his pocket for the wallet before he left home.

C. He believed his own memory.

D. He had taken it out to pay the taxi-driver.

67. According to the passage, the writer most probably lost his wallet when _____.

A. he took it out to pay for the taxi   B. he walked into the restaurant

C. he was eating dinner            D. he was ordering his dish

68. Why did the writer walk back to the table where he had been sitting? _____.

A. He was sure his wallet was still there.

B. It was possible that he could find his wallet there.

C. He could ask someone there about his wallet.

D. He saw the wallet lying on the floor near the table.

69. As the writer didn’t want to get a lot of people involved in the problem, _____.

A. he only told the manager what had happened

B. he didn’t tell the manage anything

C. he reported to the police immediately

D. he only told the story to the manager and the waiter

70. Why did the manager tell the writer not to worry about paying the check? _____.

A. He was going to report the incident to the police.

B. He could pay the doctor for the writer.

C. He would send the writer a bill later for his meal.

D. He was sure the missing wallet would soon be recovered.

Passage 15

Questions71 to 75 are based on the following passage:

In America, “do-it-yourself” is becoming a way of life, because labor costs are so high. Many people repair their own cars, build their own garages , even build their own houses. Soon many of them will also be writing their own books.

In Hollywood there is a company that publishes children’s books with the help of computers. Although other book companies also publish books using computers, this company is not like the others. It allows the reader to become the main character in the stories with the help of computers. Here is how they do it. Let us suppose the reader is a child named Jenny. She lives in New York, and has a dog named Hody. The computer uses this information to make up a story with pictures. The story is then printed. A child who receives such a book might say, “This book is about me.” So the company calls itself the “Me-Books Publishing Company”.

Children like the “me-books” because they like to see their own names and the names of their friends and their pets in print. But more important, in this way, readers are much more interested in reading the stories because they are about them. “Me-books” are helping children to learn how to read.

71. In America, people do a lot of things themselves because __________ .

A.    they can do better than others.     B.    it is expensive to hire laborers

C.    they don’t like to be helped        D.    they don’t trust others

72. “Me –books Publishing Company” is named by  _________          

A. Jenny    B. a reader      C. a child      D. itself

73.  The difference between this company and others is that ________

A.  it publishes books only for children

B.  it publishes books about people’s pets

C. it uses computers to make up stories

D. it makes the young readers the main characters of the stories

74. “Me-books” are those __________ 

A.  written by the children themselves

B.  telling stories about a reader himself/herself

C.  about everyday life

D.  published with the help of computers

75.  “Me-books” are helping children to learn __________.

A.  how to make up a story      B.  how to read

C.  their hometown’s history     D.  writing beautifully

Passage16

Questions 76 to 80 are based on the following passage:

" Congratulations, Mr. Jones, it's a girl."

Fatherhood is going to have a different meaning and bring forth a different response from every man who hears these words. Some feel pride when they receive the news, while others worry, wondering whether they will be good father. Although there are some men who like children and may have had considerable experience with them, others do not particularly care for children and spend little time with them. Many fathers and mothers have been planning and looking forward to children for some time. For other couples, pregnancy was an accident that both husband and wife have accepted willingly or unwillingly.
    Whatever the reaction to the birth of a child, it is obvious that the shift from the role of husband to that of father is a difficult task. Yet, unfortunately, few attempts have been made to educate fathers in this resocialization process. Although numerous books have been written about American mothers, only recently has literature focused on the role of a father.
    It is argued by some writers that the transition to the father's role, although difficult, is not nearly as great as the transition the wife must make to the mother's role. The mother's role seems to require a complete transformation in daily routine and highly innovative adaptation, on the other hand, the father's role is less demanding and immediate. However, even though we mentioned the fact that growing numbers of women are working outside the home, the father is still thought by many as the breadwinner in the household.

76. According to the author, being a father _____.
A. brings a feeling of excitement to some men
B. has a different meaning for those who have daughters
C. makes some men feel proud and others uneasy
D. means nothing but more responsibilities

77. It is stated in the passage that _____.
A. some parents are not prepared to have a child
B. young couples do not like children at all
C. working couples do not have much time to take care of their children
D. many parents look forward to having a boy as their first child

78. In the second paragraph, the author ______.
A. criticizes fathers for not taking enough responsibilities in bringing up their children
B. excuses the American writers for ignoring the difficulties of being a father
C. supports the idea that the chief role of a father is to earn money for the family
D. complains about the lack of social programs to help husbands adjust themselves to being a father

79. The transition to the mother's role requires that the wife ______.
A. change her life style in a highly innovative way
B. make a complete change in her everyday life to deal with the new situation
C. stay at home to take care of the baby
D. help her husband in his resocialization process

80. Some writers argue that with respect to the change of roles, fathers, compared with mothers, _____.
  A. have to shoulder more burdens
  B. have to make more difficult adaptations

C. have an easier job to do
D. can usually do a better job

Part III.  Cloze

Directions： There are 10 blanks in the following passage，and for each blank there are 4 choices marked A， B， C and D. You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage. Then blacken the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet.

Passage 1

One great obstacle on the road to health after a significant loss is denial. __1__facing__2__has happened to them, says Dr. Michael Aronoff, a spokesperson__3__ the American Psychiatric Association, many people “try to fill up that empty feeling by looking for an escape.” The man who__4__touched a drink will begin taking __5__alcohol. A woman who watched her weight will overeat.

After working for bosses all his life, John Jankowski had always longed to have his own firm. He finally got the start-up money and did__6__. Then came a downturn in business, and__7__Jankowski was in serious financial trouble.

“It was like my whole life had been destroyed,” he says. With financial resources__8__and the pressure of a family to support, Jankowski’s thoughts turned to escape.

One morning, while on a run, he just kept going. After jogging westward for two hours, he staggered back home. “I finally realized that I couldn’t run away from my troubles. The only thing that__9__was to face__10__my situation,” he says. “Admitting failure was the toughest part—but I had to before I could get on with my life.”

Passage 2

Why are children so different in their responses__11__,the same situation? Some research suggests that styles of parenting may__12__,children’s competence in dealing with their world. According to some researchers, there are three parenting styles and one style of parenting enhances children’s competence more than__13__,Typical behavior patterns of children__14__,according to them are as follows.

Authoritarian parents value control and expect their children to obey__15__,questioning. In authoritarian homes, children are so strictly controlled that often they cannot make independent choices about their own behavior. Permissive parents value self-expression and self-regulation. They are warm, noncontrolling, and undemanding. In permissive homes, children receive so little guidance that they may become uncertain and anxious about __16__, they are doing the right thing. Authoritative parents respect children’s independent decisions, interests, and opinions, but also stress social values. They are__17__, demanding, firm in maintaining standards and willing to impose mild punishment. In authoritative homes, children know__18__, is expected of them and can decide whether it is __19__, risking parental displeasure to pursue a goal. These children know the satisfaction of meeting responsibilities and__20__, success.

Passage 3

Plants and animals all need air. Only about one-fifth of the air is oxygen. The other four-fifths is another gas, without __21__, smell or color, named nitrogen. Both plants and animals need nitrogen __22__oxygen but they cannot take it from the air__23__. How do they get__24__ supply of nitrogen?

      There are very small organisms in soil and water which can__25__ nitrogen out of the air and fix it__26__complex materials which plants and animals can use. These materials are taken out by plants through their roots in water from the soil. Animals get their nitrogen__27__ eating plants. __28__ of this nitrogen comes away in animal waste and men have for many thousands of years__29__enough to put animal waste __30__into the soil to help plants grow.

Passage 4

Another useful method for improving your reading is the ability to reflect on what is being presented. Readers__31__the material that they have read not simply to understand it, __32__ to interpret, analyze, and critique this information. Readers use several different methods to help them reflect such as careful note-taking, synthesis (综合), and analysis.

Careful note-taking on your reading material__33__while you read. Pausing periodically to__34__about important claims or ideas, __35__details, or questions about unclear concepts is a valuable practice. The act of note-taking will help you to reflect about the content of the document, and the notes you keep will__36__an archive that you can refer to in the future.

       Synthesis is the ability to take what are__37__seeming irrelevant points and put them together into a meaningful, new whole. Synthesis may occur during your reading, or it may take place after you have read a document in its entirety.

       Analysis moves synthesis one step__38__, encouraging a reader to carefully examine thoroughly the points__39__, and how they are synthesized. After readers analyze a passage or a whole text, they__40__ regarding the document, either generally agreeing or disagreeing with its message.

Passage 5

Parents and teenagers often disagree about the amount of freedom and responsibility that the young people are to have. The teenagers often want to be free to choose their own friends, select their own ____41____  in school, plan for their own vocational ____42____, ____43____  and spend their own money, and generally run their own life in a more independent fashion than many parents are able to____44____.

Most problems ____45____ teenagers and their parents yield best to joint planning and ____46____ making. Within any given family, disagreements are avoided and problems are solved when all of the persons____47____ interest in the situation, share in working it out. 

Hence parents and young people learn how to get through to each other and ____48____ skills in understanding, and ____49____ understood; even the most difficult problems are ____50____.

Part  IV. Translation

Directions: In this part, there are three sentences in Chinese. You should translate them into English.

Translation

1.   我们可以通过读书来学习。  

2.   他的注意力放在谋生上。

3.   他晚饭后喜欢去湖边坐一会儿。 

4.   汤姆喜欢读书。

5.   学生一路上不停地说笑。 

6.   这顶帽子是由手工而不是机器做的。 

7.   数额总计为200000。

8.   我们应该学会把理论运用到实践中去。

9.   那名护士协助医生对那个病人做了手术。 

10. 他们在海拔1000米的地方野餐。 

11. 红十字是医院的标志。（symbol） 

12. 我们可以通过读书来学习。(by

13. 只要你努力，成功只是时间问题。（a matter of time）。

14. 四年前我参观过纽约。（New York）

15汤姆喜欢读书。（enjoy）15.